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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD are believed to balance brain chemicals and increase their levels. They cannot treat the disorder, but rather help manage symptoms if they are taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication can include a change in blood pressure and heart rate as well as upset stomach anxiety and tics. Certain teenagers and children who are taking stimulant drugs experience a minor reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is the most widely prescribed medication for ADHD. It is available in many forms, including a liquid, chewable tablet as well as a long-acting oral disintegrating tablet, and an extended release pill. The drug boosts the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. This improves concentration. It can also help reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. When combined with other treatments like behavioral therapy, methylphenidate may be a very effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug can cause an increase in heart rate or blood pressure. Patients with diabetes should be aware of this medication as it could cause an abrupt rise in blood sugar. If you encounter any of these side effects, speak to your physician. Methylphenidate is also known to cause Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is a rare side effect however, it is crucial to tell your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms. There is some concerns that methylphenidate may slow children's growth, however it hasn't been proven to be the situation. If you have a child being treated with methylphenidate, ensure that you monitor the weight and height closely. If your child is on a methylphenidate chewable tablet is a phenylalanine-based tablet, which is a risk for children suffering from the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Consult your physician about an alternative methylphenidate formulation if you have PKU. Stimulants are the most popular treatment for ADHD however, some individuals have issues with them. In these cases doctors might prescribe other medications that function in a similar way. There are also other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine, besides the methylphenidate. These drugs can last for longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are usually taken between two and three times daily However, some people take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that increases concentration and reduces hyperactivity as well as impulsiveness. It's part of a group of medications called selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitors. It increases levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is a favorite option for adults and children who prefer a different type of medication than stimulants like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine doesn't work instantly, and it can take up to six weeks for the effects of the medication to be evident. Additionally, adhd in adults medication may experience side-effects such as drowsiness, decreased appetite, and upset stomach. However, the benefits of atomoxetine outweigh the risks for a majority of patients. In a double-blind, placebo controlled study conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18 years old, the effectiveness of atomoxetine was confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the daily dose of atomoxetine 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for a period of 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group as well as the placebo group experienced a reduction in depression symptoms. The treatment group with atomoxetine showed more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. The improvement was sporadic. In a follow-up open trial that included 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants were given the treatment of atomoxetine for eight weeks. The group receiving atomoxetine had improved ADHD symptoms compared to placebo group, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale improving significantly. However, one patient experienced an rash and resigned from the study. Three patients also reported temporary digestive symptoms, and one patient reported increased fatigue. Consult your physician before you start treatment with atomoxetine regarding your health history, including any medications or supplements you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over the counter medications. Tell your doctor whether any of the following conditions exist such as narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid or adrenal gland tumour; high blood pressure; heart disease or a history sudden death. You should stay clear of the use of atomoxetine when you've been taking an MAO-inhibitor, such isocarboxazid or linezolid in the last 14 days or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a nonstimulant that can improve the symptoms of ADHD. It can also reduce impulsivity and increase concentration, but it doesn't affect the brain in the same way that stimulants do. It's available by prescription only. Your doctor will determine the most appropriate dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to follow the prescriptions. If you stop taking it suddenly you may experience withdrawal symptoms. It's usually taken twice or three times daily with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dosage can range between 100mg and three times per day to 150mg four or three times every day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract, and then is excreted in urine, meaning it isn't able to enter breast milk. However, it could be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause damage to other organs. Bupropion increases blood pressure. It is essential to monitor it regularly. Bupropion can, in addition to helping to reduce ADHD symptoms, can also reduce depression. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder. It is a method of blocking dopamine receptors inside your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine from reaching your brain, which can help to regulate your mood. Bupropion can interact with other drugs So it's crucial to inform your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It is important to inform your doctor know if you suffer from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can cause side effects to become worse. Numerous studies have examined the effects of bupropion versus placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. These studies produced mixed results, and a lot were poorly designed. Many of these studies did not include patients with psychiatric co-morbidity. The results suggest that bupropion does have a small effect on ADHD. However there is a need for more research to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed, it is necessary to have a better understanding of the molecular forms of ADHD. This requires a deeper understanding of the relation between the different molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs function in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD are not effective or cause side effects. These medications, including imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), help by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain to help people concentrate. These are old drugs which can cause serious adverse effects, so they're usually tried only after other medications have failed. The first option of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine sertraline, citalopram or escitalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants that have been in use for a long time, can be utilized in certain instances. They are effective in treating pain caused by neuropathic or other but their antidepressant action is not the same. They enhance noradrenephrine through inhibiting its reuptake and also act as descending modulators of pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs have lower risks of toxicity, and less serious side effects than the tricyclic antidepressants. In addition, they're safer during pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic in humans or animals. However, they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly. To minimize these adverse effects, your physician may suggest reducing the dose gradually over several weeks. Although not officially recognized by the FDA as a medication for adhd, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant off-label for ADHD. It is believed to be effective by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and acetylcholine within the brain to increase concentration. It also helps relieve stress and anxiety. It can be used in conjunction with stimulants for more rapid and lasting results. Although there aren't any other FDA-approved nonstimulant drugs for ADHD however, many people find relief with the use of supplements to their diets and herbs. A diet that is low in fat and sugar can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Also, avoiding caffeine may be beneficial for some. It is essential to inform your doctor about all the medications that you or your child is taking, including prescription medications and herbal remedies. This will help prevent interactions and reduce the risk of unwanted side effects. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, which is why it's often a process of trial and error to discover the right drug and dosage for your child or you.